Encrypting and decrypting data is nothing more than passing the data through an algorithm to make something readable only to the intended recipients. The process for encryption is essentially identical to the process for decryption. At the document level, encryption takes an easily read plaintext file and turns it into ciphertext using a key in conjunction with a specific algorithm. Encryption has become important not only in regard to e-mail, but also for network communications.

Encryption strength is based on three primary factors:

1. The first is strength of the algorithm
2. The second factor is the secrecy of the key
3. Length of the key

The U.S. government classifies encryption that uses keys in excess of 40 bits as "strong encryption." U.S. companies wishing to export products that use "strong encryption" must first obtain State Department permission to do so. Although 40-bit keys are not always strong enough for financial transactions, they are usually sufficient for individuals' needs.

All types of encryption are subject to defeat. Click the View Image button below to see encryption types, descriptions and commonly used algorithms.

Symmetric, or single-key, encryption is a simple process that is fast and strong. However, all parties must know and trust each other completely, and have confidential copies of the key. Hackers can compromise symmetric keys either with a dictionary program , password sniffing, or by simply snooping through a desk, purse, or briefcase. One countermeasure is to change your key regularly. This can reduce the danger of having a symmetric key compromised.

Click the link to read about encryption terms and their descriptions.
Encryption methods Terms